Valency

Valency or valency number, is a measure of the number of chemical bonds formed by the atoms of a given element. Valency for some common elements and compounds.

You are going to need valency when learning how formulas were derived for acids and bases.


ELEMENTS

Element

Symbol

Valency

Hydrogen

H

+1

Oxygen

O

-2

Carbon

C

+4

Calcium

Ca

+2

Iron

Fe

+2

Aluminium

Al

+3

Sodium

Na

+1

Potassium

K

+1

Magnesium

Mg

+2

Zinc

Zn

+2

Copper

Cu

+2

Silver

Ag

+1

Lead

Pb

+2

Chloride

Cl

-1


COMPOUNDS

Compound

Symbol

Valency

Sulphate

SO4

-2

Hydroxide

OH

-1

Carbonate

CO3

-2

Nitrate

NO3

-2

Phosphate

PO4

-3

Hydrogen Carbonate

HCO3

-1


For eg. Al(OH)3 is the formula for Aluminium Hydroxide ( a base). Its valency is 3. So it needs 3 OHs.

This is for people who don't understand valency

Valency is nothing but bonds for eg. it is CO2 because C has valency+4 and O -2. So two -2s equal -4 so they cancel out forming balanced compound.

Aluminium Phosphate is AlPO4 because Al has valency +3 and PO4 valency -3. So they cancel directly.

Calcium Phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2 because Ca's valency is +2 and PO4's valency is -3.So three times +2 and two times -3 make +6 and -6 respectively which cancel out.

Now Carbonate is unstable because CO3 has 3 atoms of oxygen which makes the valency -6 but C has only +4 so it is unstable.

Easy isn't it?

76 comments:

Anonymous said...

is the valency of nitrate-2

Unknown said...

nitrate's valency is -1 not -2

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Vishnu said...

Ammonia has valency of 0
Ammonium has valency of 1+

Unknown said...

Nitrate definitely has a valency of -1, It would be great if this could be corrected.

Anonymous said...

Valency of NO3 is -1 not -2 as you mentioned (y)

Anonymous said...

it is not understood to me

Anonymous said...

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Unknown said...

All is correct but how to calculate the valency of the compounds? Calculating valency of elements is easy but compounds?? There are many other compounss than mentioned in the above table. To calculate those what to do ??? Please show the method.

Unknown said...

Good website but the valency of nitrate is wrong. It's valency is -1 not -2.

Unknown said...

Good website but the valency of nitrate is wrong. It's valency is -1 not -2.

Unknown said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
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Unknown said...

What is the valency of ammonium

Unknown said...

What is the valency of ammonium

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Unknown said...

Yeah

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Very beneficial for students

Unknown said...

Very true

Anonymous said...

Dude the valency of nitrate is -1 not -2 you dumbass

Anonymous said...

Dumbfuck

Unknown said...

What is the valency of oxide

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Anurag Soni said...

100% correct, Valency of Nitrate is -1

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